The receiving instrument formerly universally used in the Morse system. It is now but little employed, the sounder having displaced it. Several types were invented. It consists of machinery which carries a reel of paper ribbon arranged to be fed over a roller by clockwork. A pencil, inking roller, or embossing stylus (for the latter [...]

A phenomenon observed in dynamo armatures. At full loads the hysteresis decreases. The effect is thus expressed by S. P. Thompson. “When an armature core is rotated in a strong magnetic field, the magnetization of the iron is being continually carried through a cycle, but in a manner quite different from that in which it [...]

When a force is applied so as to tend to produce rotation around a point, the product of the force by the shortest distance from the point of rotation to the extension of the line of the force. Such distance is the perpendicular to the extension of the line through the point of rotation.

The smallest particle of matter that can exist alone. It is made up of atoms, but an atom can never exist alone, but only, with one or two possible exceptions, combined with one or more other atoms as a molecule. The molecules under present conditions are not in constant contact with each other, but are [...]

The tendency of the molecules of a mass to retain their position in a mass in resistance to polarizing or depolarizing force, the first being the effect of a magnetic field. It is the theoretical cause of coercive force, q. v., and of residual magnetism. (See Magnetism, Residual.)

The theoretical rows of molecules supposed to extend from anode to cathode in an electrolytic cell (see Cell, Electric–Grothüss’ Hypothesis) are called molecular chains.

When a gas contained in a vessel is brought to a sufficient state of rarefaction the molecules cease to be subject to the laws of diffusion, but move back and forth in straight lines from side to side of the vessel. Their courses can be affected by electric discharge, which can cause them to all [...]

The attraction of molecules; physical affinity. Cohesion, the attraction of similar molecules for each other, and adhesion, that of dissimilar molecules, are examples. This should be distinguished from molecular affinity, a phase of chemical force.

The attraction of molecules for each other as seen in the formation of double salts, the combining of water of crystallization with a salt, and in other cases; a phase of affinity belonging to chemistry, although outside of true atomic attraction.

The attraction of mass for mass; gravitation. Synonyms–Mass Attraction–Gravitation.