The concentration of ores or the freeing them from their gangue by magnetic attraction. It is only applicable to those cases in which either the ore itself or the gangue is attracted by the magnet. Its principal application is to the concentration of magnetic iron sands. (See Magnetic Concentration.)

A magnetic circuit which virtually represents two horseshoe magnets placed with their like poles in contact. It is used for field magnets, the armatures occupying a place between the consequent poles.

A magnetic field of force is characterized by the presence of lines of force, which, while approximately parallel, curve around and tend to form closed curves. The polarity of a field of force is referred to an imaginary direction of the lines of force from the north pole through space to the south pole, and [...]

An apparatus for testing the relative permeability of iron. It consists of a rectangular system of iron cores. Three of the sides are wound with wire as shown. The other side is built up of double bars, and from the centre two curved arms rise, as shown in the cut. The arms do not touch. [...]

A name for a compound permanent magnet; one made up by bolting or clamping together, or to single soft iron pole pieces, a number of single permanent magnets. There are a number of forms of compound magnets. In making them care has to be taken to have them of even strength. It is also well [...]

The angle, measured on a horizontal circle, between the magnetic meridian and a great circle of the earth passing through the observer and any observed body. It is the astronomical azimuth of a body referred to the magnetic meridian and therefore subject to the variation of the compass. The angle is the magnetic azimuth of [...]

The line connecting the poles of a magnet. It does not generally coincide exactly with any symmetrical axis of figure. In such cases an error is introduced into the indications of the needle which must be determined and allowed for in compasses. To determine it with a magnetic needle the suspension cup is made removable, [...]

Magnetic attraction and repulsion are inversely as the square of the distance. (Ganot.) While theoretically true in the case of isolated poles, in practise it does not generally apply on account of the large diameter and relative shortness of magnets.

The attraction of a magnet for iron, steel, nickel and cobalt and of unlike poles of magnets for each other. It is identical with electro-magnetic attraction, q.v. (Also see Electro-magnetism.)

The tendency of a mass of iron to adhere to the poles of a magnet. It is best figured as due to the virtual shortening of lines of force, as the more permeable iron gives a better path for them than the air can afford, and consequently a virtually shorter one.