The inclination from the horizontal assumed by a magnetic needle free to move in the vertical plane. (See Magnetic Elements.) The angle of dip or inclination is entirely a function of the earth, not of the needle.

The intensity of magnetization expressed in lines of force per stated area of cross-section in a plane at right angles to the lines of force.

The angular deviation of the magnetic needle, causing it to rest at an angle with the true meridian; the variation of the compass. (See Magnetic Elements.)

The pictorial representation of magnetic lines of force. It is generally produced by scattering filings on a sheet of paper or pane of glass held over a magnet. The filings arrange themselves in characteristic curves. Tapping the paper or pane of glass facilitates the arrangement, or jarring the filings off a smaller magnet, so that [...]

Viscous hysteresis; the slow increase of magnetism in a paramagnetic body when exposed to induction.

The couple of magnetic force which tends to bring the magnetic needle into the plane of the magnetic meridian. One force is represented by the imaginary pull upon the north pole, and the other by the opposite pull upon the south pole of the needle. The moment of the couple varies from a maximum when [...]

Control of a magnetic needle, magnet, iron index or armature, in a galvanometer, ammeter or voltmeter by a magnetic field; the restitutive force being derived from a permanent magnet.

The completeness of a magnetic circuit, as when the armature of a horseshoe magnet is in contact with both poles. It is an attribute of a paramagnetic substance only and is identical for permanent magnets or for electro-magnets. An air space intervening between armature and magnet poles, or a space filled with any diamagnetic substance [...]

The first notion of permeance and of the magnetic circuit included the idea of magnetic conductivity, which conducted lines of force urged by magneto-motive force through a magnetic circuit. The terms are displaced by permeability and permeance.

An apparatus similar to a magnetic separator, q. v., but used to concentrate magnetic iron sands. By the action of electro-magnets the magnetic iron sand (magnetite) is separated from the sand with which it is mixed.